Endocrinology

Discuss congenital hyperinsulinemia: a) Causes. [5] b) Treatment. [5]

Primary hypertriglyceridemia: a) Causes. [4] b) Clinical presentation. [3] c) Treatment. [3]

A 34-year-old man presented with bilateral recurrent renal stones: a) Metabolic causes. [2] b) Diagnostic approach to reach diagnosis. [5] c) Treatment options. [3]

Sequential therapy for the long term treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Discuss the following in a 3-year-old male child with sexual precocity: a) Differential diagnosis. [5] b) Management of a boy with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) CAH. [5]

Management of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy.

Discuss androgen deficiency in aging male: a) Diagnostic evaluation and confirmation of diagnosis. [4] b) Work-up required before starting androgen therapy. [3] c) Androgen replacement therapy. [3]

Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients.

Management of early pubertal transgender youth.

Amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis: a) Mechanisms. [5] b) Management. [5]